Primary Indicator: Age of the Home
Your home's construction date is the strongest clue. The use of asbestos in common building materials was widespread in the United States until the late 1970s. While not every older home contains it, those built before 1980 have a much higher likelihood. Materials installed during original construction or major renovations before that era are the primary suspects for containing asbestos fibers.
Even homes built in the early 1980s might have materials from older stockpiles. The ban was phased, so some products remained. If you live in an older neighborhood, your neighbors might have dealt with similar issues. The key is to assume materials from that period could be hazardous until proven otherwise by a proper test.